Colonialism has had a profound and lasting impact on political leadership in Africa, shaping governance structures, leadership styles, and political dynamics across the continent. While African nations have made strides toward self determination and development since independence, colonial legacies continue to influence political leadership in several ways.

The findings show that colonialism deeply influenced African institutional and economic frameworks from three main aspects: inherited bureaucratic autocracy that characterized colonial hegemony, ethnic division caused by the “divide and rule” colonial strategy, and local authoritarianism produced by colonial indirect .

Their influence is undeniable, shaping the structures, challenges, and opportunities faced by the continent today. While colonial legacies have left deep scars, they have also inspired resilience and innovation among African leaders striving to reclaim sovereignty and shape a future rooted in African values and aspirations. By addressing these historical influences, Africa can build a political leadership model that promotes inclusive development and global relevance.

Colonialism not only blocked further political development, but indirect rule made local elites less accountable to their citizens. After independence, even if these states had a coherence others lacked, they had far more predatory rulers.